which是什么意思 in which等于什么

时间:2023-06-23 06:32/span> 作者:tiger 分类: 新知 浏览:6002 评论:0

关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句, 修饰代表人或事物的先行词, 但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、 宾语、 表语。例如:

  The bag that lies on the desk is hers. 书桌上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)

  The lady that I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那位女士是我的老师。(关系代词that在修饰lady的定语从句中充当宾语)

  在先行词是事物的限定性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换, 但在下列情况下不可以互换:

  1. 只能用that, 不能用which作先行词的情况

  (1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时,(常见all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing) 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which。例如:

  ① That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这些。

②There is much that I wan to tell you.我有很多想要告诉你的话。

  ③Is there anything that you want to buy in town? 你有什么东西要在城里买吗?

 

(2)先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only, the very, the last等修饰时, 关系代词通常只用that, 不用which。例如:

  ① The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。

  ② This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

③ This is the only painting in this style that we have.这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。

(3)先行词既有人又有物时, 关系代词只用that, 不用which。例如:

  ① The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

   ② The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。

  

(4) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时, 通常只用that, 不用which。例如:

  ① China is no longer the country that it was before.中国不再是过去那样一个国家了。

  ② Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。

 

(5)先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:

① This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。

注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:

  (6) 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。例如: Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车?

  2. 只用which, 不能用that作先行词的情况

  (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必须用which。例如:

  ① This is the house in which the old professor once lived.这就是那位老教授曾经住过的房子。

  ② This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

  注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如: This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

  (2) 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。例如:

①People should keep in mind those laws and regulations which restrict their behavior. 人们应牢记那些规范自己的行为法律和准则。

②A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。

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